Season salmon with salt and pepper, sesame oil, brown sugar, and ground ginger, tossing to coat. Let sit for 10 minutes.
Heat 1 tablespoon oil in a large saute pan or wok over medium heat. Add salmon and cook until seared and firm, about 6-7 minutes. Remove salmon and set aside.
In the same pan, heat another tablespoon oil. Add red onion and saute until tender, about 5 minutes. Add red bell pepper, green bell pepper, snow peas, garlic, green onion, and Thai chile and saute until tender, about 5 minutes.
Add salmon back to the pot along with hot bean sauce, soy sauce, five spice, and ground Sichuan pepper. Toss to coat and season with salt and pepper. Simmer for 1 minute and remove from heat. Sprinkle chopped cilantro and sesame seeds on top and serve with rice.
Notes
Although this recipe calls for salmon, you can also prepare the dish with any other protein of your choice including chicken, beef, tofu, or shrimp.